Immunohistochemistry pdf

IHC is an important tool in diagnostic and research laboratories. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. Karunakaran Kaliyappan, E-mail: moc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Immunohistochemistry IHC is an important application of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen of interest in health and disease.

Applications Since IHC involves specific antigen—antibody reactions, it has apparent advantage over traditionally used special enzyme staining techniques that identify only a limited number of proteins, enzymes, and tissue structures. Prognostic Markers in Cancer To predict the prognosis of tumors by identification of enzymes, tumor-specific antigens, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and tumor cell proliferation markers. Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis IHC methods have brought about a revolution in approach to diagnosis of tumors of uncertain origin, primary as well as metastatic from unknown primary tumor.

Prediction of Response to Therapy IHC is widely used to predict therapeutic response in two important tumors, i. Infections Immunohistochemical methods are also being applied to confirm infectious agent in tissues by use of specific antibodies against microbial DNA or RNA, e. In Genetics IHC can also be used to determine the function of specific gene products in fundamental biological processes such as development and apoptosis. Neurodegenerative Disorders Degenerative disorders of the nervous system include a wide range of diseases characterized by the dysfunction and death of specific, selectively vulnerable populations of nerve cells.

Brain Trauma In the last few years, immunohistochemical staining for beta amyloid precursor protein has been validated as a method to detect axonal injury within as little as 2—3 h of head injury. IHC in Muscle Diseases Specific diagnosis of muscular dystrophy is important because of the genetic counseling implications of inherited disease and accurate prognostication.

Research Application Much of the current research into the causes of neurodegenerative diseases is directed at identifying the factors that result in the formation of paired helical filaments, the deposition of beta amyloid, cytoplasmic accumulations of alpha synuclein, etc. References 1. The use of immunohistochemistry in an oralpathology laboratory, Malays.

J Pathol. The differential diagnosis of central nervous system tumors: A critical examination of some recent immunohistochemical applications. Arch Pathol Lab Med. Best practices in contemporary diagnostic immunohistochemistry: Panel approach to hematolymphoid proliferations. Leong AS, Wright J.

The contribution of immunohistochemical staining in tumor diagnosis. Histological examination has a majorimpact on macroscopic necropsy diagnoses. J Clin Pathol. Discrepancies between clinical andautopsy diagnosis and the value of post mortem histology; A meta-analysisand review. Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group. Immunohistochemistry IHC is a powerful technique that exploits the specific binding between an antibody and antigen to detect and localize specific antigens in cells and tissue, most commonly detected and examined with the light microscope.

A standard tool in many fields in the research setting, IHC has become an essential ancillary technique in clinical diagnostics in anatomic pathology Lin F, Chen Z. Techniques of immunohistochemistry: principles, pitfalls, and standardization. In: Dabbs DJ ed Diagnostic immunohistochemistry: theranostic and genomic applications, 3rd edn.

Immuno-Detection by sequencing ID-seq enables large-scale high-dimensional phenotyping in cells. Immuno-detection by sequencing enables large-scale high-dimensional phenotyping in cells. Nature Communications. Diagnostic aids in detection of oral precancer and cancer: Past to present.

View 1 excerpt, cites background. Technical Aspects of Immunohistochemistry. Veterinary pathology. Genogenic immunohistochemistry: a new era in diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic surgical pathology: contributions of protein life-cycle, use of evidence-based methods and data normalization on interpretation of immunohistochemical stains.

International journal of clinical and experimental pathology. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc. Immunogold-silver staining: new method of immunostaining with enhanced sensitivity. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. Antigen retrieval in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections.