If it is agreed not to observe the rules exactly, but one party demands indulgencies, he should then be as willing to allow them to the other. No false move should ever be made to extricate yourself out of a difficulty, or to gain an advantage. There can be no pleasure in playing with a person once detected in such unfair practice. If your adversary is long in playing, you ought not to hurry him, or express any uneasiness at his delay. You should not sing, nor whistle, nor look at your watch, nor take up a book to read, nor make a tapping with your feet on the floor, or with your fingers on the table, nor do anything that may disturb his attention.
For all these things displease. And they do not show your skill in playing, but your craftiness or your rudeness. You ought not to endeavour to amuse and deceive your adversary, by pretending to have made bad moves, and saying you have now lost the game, in order to make him secure and careless, and inattentive to your schemes; for this is fraud, and deceit, not skill in the game.
You must not, when you have gained a victory, use any triumphing or insulting expression, nor show too much pleasure; but endeavour to console your adversary, and make him less dissatisfied with himself by every kind and civil expression, that may be used with truth, such as, You understand the game better than I, but you are a little inattentive; or, You play too fast; or, You had the best of the game but something happened to divert your thoughts, and that turned it in my favour.
If you are a spectator, while others play, observe the most perfect silence. For if you give advice, you offend both parties; him, against whom you give it, because it may cause the loss of his game; him, in whose favour you give it, because, though it be good, and he follows it, he loses the pleasure he might have had, if you had permitted him to think till it occurred to himself.
Even after a move or moves, you must not, by replacing the pieces, shew how it might have been played better: for that displeases, and may occasion disputes or doubts about their true situation. All talking to the players, lessens or diverts their attention, and is therefore unpleasing; nor should you give the least hint to either party, by any kind of noise or motion. If the game is not to be played rigorously, according to the rules above mentioned, then moderate your desire of victory over your adversary, and be pleased with one over yourself.
By this generous civility so opposite to the unfairness above forbidden you may indeed happen to lose the game to your opponent, but you will win what is better, his esteem, his respect, and his affection; together with the silent approbation and good will of impartial spectators. The remainder of the manuscript has been lost. In , colonial militiamen imprisoned William for two years, says Pennsylvania History. His father appeared to do nothing to defend him. October brought the surrender at Yorktown and the approaching end of the war.
William moved to England soon after. Though father and son met a few more times before Benjamin's death in , their relationship was irrevocably broken. In his final will, Franklin gave William very little. As quoted in A Benjamin Franklin Reader , he said, "The part he acted against me in the late war, which is of public notoriety, will account for my leaving him no more of an estate he endeavored to deprive me of.
Before and after the American Revolution, Ben Franklin was busy doing the diplomatic thing overseas, reports American Diplomacy. This was obviously important work, but it made him a stranger to his own family. Often, he was gone for years at a time, fielding letters from his family asking when Father was going to finally come home. His relationship with his daughter, Sarah, often called "Sally," was strained thanks to this distance and his apparent disregard for her wishes.
The tension is still plain to see more than years later. Take the issue of Sally's marriage. Conveniently forgetting his own early history, Benjamin raised concerns about Richard's financial stability. Sally's mother, Deborah, allowed the marriage to go forward anyway — it wasn't like her husband was there to stop it.
For a year after the wedding, Franklin refused to acknowledge that he had a son-in-law at all. Eventually, he at least warmed up to their union and even lived with their family in his old age. When Ben decided to take his grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache, overseas on a European diplomatic mission, it caused further upset.
Sally argued, saying that the passage was dangerous for the young boy. Still, there was no resisting the paterfamilias. According to George Washington's Mount Vernon , the younger Benjamin accompanied his grandfather for an extended trip beginning in , his mother's concerns largely ignored.
He traveled far and wide, at one point staying away for over a decade. With his intellect and charm, Franklin had no problem making connections in British society and politics.
He has also been lauded for his scientific interests that resulted in a slew of well-known inventions, says The Franklin Institute. That insatiable curiosity may have had a dark side. In , workers began the long process of conserving the history of 36 Craven Street, says the Benjamin Franklin House. While excavating what had been the garden, the team made a shocking discovery: the bones of more than 15 people. Even more alarming was confirmation that the bones date from Franklin's time there.
They also showed clear evidence of dissection. The evidence, says Smithsonian Magazine , doesn't point directly to Franklin. All of those human remains were probably connected to an underground anatomy school led by William Hewson, a young doctor. Franklin isn't totally in the clear, however. He was a mentor to Hewson and may very well have known what was going on in his own home. Ben Franklin must have had a powerful charisma to go along with his deep intellect and apparently boundless energy.
Yet, his life story also points to a self-regard that sometimes eclipsed the needs of his friends and family. Deborah, his common-law wife of 44 years, must have suffered knowing that her husband was both a brilliant man and an inveterate skirt-chaser. Franklin often acknowledged his strong amorous desires and, per Biography , was even scared of them. The pure force of his libido was such that it brought him into contact with "low women" and other bad company.
A young Franklin was apparently quite the hell-raiser when he first visited London in , reports the Chicago Tribune. Even as he grew older, his reputation for wooing the ladies followed him. Discounts to the exhibition earned through the game are no longer applicable. Find out more about the the many musical talents of Benjamin Franklin. Join Our Email List. Learn more about our commitment to safety. Franklin later repudiated this thought and burned all but one copy of the pamphlet still in his possession.
After Franklin returned to Philadelphia in , he discovered that Deborah had married in the interim, only to be abandoned by her husband just months after the wedding. The future Founding Father rekindled his romance with Deborah Read and he took her as his common-law wife in Around that time, Franklin fathered a son, William, out of wedlock who was taken in by the couple.
The two times Franklin moved to London, in and again in , it was without Deborah, who refused to leave Philadelphia. His second stay was the last time the couple saw each other. Franklin would not return home before Deborah passed away in from a stroke at the age of When the New Jersey militia stripped William Franklin of his post as royal governor and imprisoned him in , his father chose not to intercede on his behalf.
After his return to Philadelphia in , Franklin held varied jobs including bookkeeper, shopkeeper and currency cutter. In he returned to a familiar trade - printing paper currency - in New Jersey before partnering with a friend to open his own print shop in Philadelphia that published government pamphlets and books.
In Franklin was named the official printer of Pennsylvania. In Franklin published another pamphlet, "A Modest Enquiry into The Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency," which advocated for an increase in the money supply to stimulate the economy. With the cash Franklin earned from his money-related treatise, he was able to purchase The Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper from a former boss. Under his ownership, the struggling newspaper was transformed into the most widely-read paper in the colonies and became one of the first to turn a profit.
He had less luck in when he launched the first German-language newspaper in the colonies, the short-lived Philadelphische Zeitung. Franklin amassed real estate and businesses and organized the volunteer Union Fire Company to counteract dangerous fire hazards in Philadelphia. He joined the Freemasons in and was eventually elected grand master of the Masons of Pennsylvania.
In the s, Franklin expanded into science and entrepreneurship. His pamphlet "A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge" underscored his interests and served as the founding document of the American Philosophical Society , the first scientific society in the colonies.
By , the year-old Franklin had become one of the richest men in Pennsylvania, and he became a soldier in the Pennsylvania militia. He turned his printing business over to a partner to give himself more time to conduct scientific experiments. He moved into a new house in Franklin also discovered the Gulf Stream after his return trip across the Atlantic Ocean from London in He began to speculate about why the westbound trip always took longer, and his measurements of ocean temperatures led to his discovery of the existence of the Gulf Stream.
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