The most prevalent type of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma POAG , has subtle symptoms early in its course and, consequently, often remains undetected. Late diagnosis of glaucoma significantly increases the cost of treatment and raises the risk of visual impairment.
Therefore, there is a need for an accurate diagnosis system. Together, these methods provide information on both structural and functional defects. Intraocular Pressure A gradual increase in IOP has long been recognised as the major risk factor for glaucoma, and the lowering of IOP serves to impede progression of optic nerve damage.
Therefore, IOP measurements are usually documented over time. The device can accurately measure IOP in the eye with a small deviation of 0. Although the device is fairly accurate, the measurement of IOP is not always a precise indication of glaucoma. Additionally, IOP does not indicate the extent of damage or, indeed, that damage has actually been done to the optic nerve. Thus, in the diagnosis of glaucoma this variable can be used only alongside other evidence for a positive outcome.
Perimetry Peripheral vision is usually the first to deteriorate in glaucoma; hence, tests of the visual field have been used to diagnose the disease. Perimetry is a systematic measurement of light sensitivity in the visual field by the detection of targets presented on a defined background.
The standard diagnostic tool for visual field examination is the computerised field analyser. Responses are statistically analysed and compared with a database of normal responses. Even with this comparison it is challenging to state definitively whether a patient has glaucoma. Previously, for detecting any progression the test results were judged by comparing print-outs from visual field tests, which was time-consuming and often inaccurate.
Today, new software provides ophthalmologists with automated visual-field-progression analysis; however, it may take three examinations before an accurate baseline is obtained.
Also, long-term fluctuations in the field tests can often occur, thus the accuracy of this method of diagnosis is still in question. Stereoscopic Optic Nerve Photographs Glaucoma leads to alterations in the size and shape of the optic disc, the neuroretinal rim and the size ratio between the optic disc and cup.
By means of photographs of the optical nerve head ONH , morphological changes in glaucoma are qualitatively monitored. In addition, significant thinning of the retinalnerve fibre layer NFL demonstrates early-stage glaucoma. However, the appearance of the ONH differs widely between individuals, which can make it difficult to detect glaucomatous eyes.
Limitations of the Traditional Methods The standard diagnostic techniques have several limitations, the most important of which is insensitivity. It is generally recognised that IOP measurement is a particularly insensitive and non-specific way of making a diagnosis of glaucoma. This will all be done by examining many images both structural and functional of a multitude of clinically interesting cases, supported by evidence from larger studies, if required.
The design of the programme is highly interactive. An active participation of the participant is expected.
The 3D optic disc course is based on evidence. Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test and technology. Participants: A total of of invited ophthalmologists in 11 European countries. Methods: We determined how well each participant classified 40 healthy eyes and 48 glaucomatous eyes with varying severity of the disease on stereoscopic slides.
Duplicate slides were provided for determining intraobserver agreement. Ophthalmology , 04 Jan , 4 : DOI: Read article at publisher's site DOI : Ophthalmology, 2 Ophthalmology, 10 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1 Ophthalmology, 12 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 7 Br J Ophthalmol, 3 Arch Ophthalmol, 4 Int Ophthalmol, Genes Basel , 12 12 , 09 Dec Clin Ophthalmol , , 07 Oct J Clin Med , 10 19 , 23 Sep Surv Ophthalmol , 65 6 , 19 Mar Review Free to read.
J Glaucoma , 28 10 , 01 Oct To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation. Br J Ophthalmol , 91 3 , 11 Oct Free to read. Ophthalmology , 12 , 25 Jun Cited by: 10 articles PMID: J Glaucoma , 18 3 , 01 Mar Cited by: 39 articles PMID: Fechtner RD , Lama P. Semin Ophthalmol , 14 3 , 01 Sep Cited by: 4 articles PMID: J Med Life , 3 4 , 01 Oct Clin Exp Ophthalmol , 46 2 , 22 Jan
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